【公開日：2023.07.31】【最終更新日：2023.05.17】
課題データ / Project Data
課題番号 / Project Issue Number
22UT0348
利用課題名 / Title
Surface analysis of magnetic nanoparticles and microencapsulated phase change materials
利用した実施機関 / Support Institute
東京大学
機関外・機関内の利用 / External or Internal Use
内部利用（ARIM事業参画者以外）/Internal Use (by non ARIM members)
技術領域 / Technology Area
【横断技術領域 / Cross-Technology Area】（主 / Main）計測・分析/Advanced Characterization（副 / Sub）-
【重要技術領域 / Important Technology Area】（主 / Main）革新的なエネルギー変換を可能とするマテリアル/Materials enabling innovative energy conversion（副 / Sub）マルチマテリアル化技術・次世代高分子マテリアル/Multi-material technologies / Next-generation high-molecular materials
キーワード / Keywords
Magnetic nanoparticles, Sol-gel synthesis, phase change material, micro/nanoencapsulation, thermal energy storage, electronic cooling ,電子顕微鏡/Electron microscopy,赤外・可視・紫外分光/Infrared and UV and visible light spectroscopy,エネルギー貯蔵/ Energy storage,コンポジット材料/ Composite material
利用者と利用形態 / User and Support Type
利用者名（課題申請者）/ User Name (Project Applicant)
RAJAGOPALAN Parameshwaran
所属名 / Affiliation
東京大学
共同利用者氏名 / Names of Collaborators in Other Institutes Than Hub and Spoke Institutes
ARIM実施機関支援担当者 / Names of Collaborators in The Hub and Spoke Institutes
利用形態 / Support Type
（主 / Main）機器利用/Equipment Utilization（副 / Sub）,技術補助/Technical Assistance
利用した主な設備 / Equipment Used in This Project
報告書データ / Report
概要（目的・用途・実施内容）/ Abstract (Aim, Use Applications and Contents)
The development and subsequent incorporation of the advanced materials and technologies in electronics, with a view to target energy savings, and to fulfil the energy requirements have been gaining impetus during the recent years. It is noteworthy that, the modern electronic components are manufactured in such a way to consume less power for their operations. However, they do suffer from huge energy loss in the form of heat dissipation due to their complex and fast data handling capabilities. Hence, it is of immense need to search for energy-efficient technologies in order to bridge the gap between the energy supply and end-use energy demand. Thermal energy storage (TES), achieved through the phase change materials (PCMs), is one among a few energy-efficient technologies available for bridging this gap. In the fast-moving era of modern times, with the rapid development of new and advanced energy storage materials in place, the quest for energy savings has become more vital at every stage of design and development of electronic components. Owing to the above facts, the incorporation of the efficient materials starting from macroencapsulation to the microencapsulation of the phase change materials for the electronic cooling are gaining due importance and consideration by the engineers and architects.
実験 / Experimental
The plan is to synthesize and characterize the magnetic nanoparticles embedded PCM micro/nanocapsules. In this regard, the synthesis of the magnetic (Fe3O4-magnetite) nanoparticles and incorporation of which into the organic PCM followed by micro/nanoencapsulation of them were carried out through sol-gel and in-situ polymerization techniques. The as-prepared micro/nanoencapsulated PCMs embedded with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPCM) were characterized for their morphology, surface structure, chemical stability, latent heat of fusion, phase transition temperature, thermal stability, thermal reliability using the characterization techniques such as FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, DSC, TGA etc. The TES performance of the MNPCM was experimentally evaluated for achieving the desired thermal management of the electronics. Additionally, the results obtained in this study were disseminated at a national conference and in the process of communication to an international peer-reviewed SCI journal.
結果と考察 / Results and Discussion
A new class of microencapsulation containing magnetite/iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (phase change material (PCM): 1-octadecanol phase change material, capsule shell: melamine-formaldehyde) was synthesized by an in-situ polymerization method. The prepared magnetite nanoparticle-encapsulated PCMs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The morphology, surface structure, chemical stability, latent heat of fusion, phase transition temperature, thermal stability, and thermal reliability were evaluated. The FESEM results revealed the formation of near-spherical magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with their size ranging from 10 nm to 90 nm and justified the formation of spherical microcapsules (300 nm to 5 microns) being embedded with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPCM). The latent heat enthalpies of pristine/pure PCM and MPCM were measured to be 237.9 kJ/kg and 90.13 kJ/kg, respectively. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the crystalline structure of the MNP and their successful incorporation into MNPCM. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis results infer that the pure PCM has shown a single stage mass loss, whereas the MNPCM exhibited two step mass degradation at decomposition temperatures of 186.4 ºC and 415.27 ºC, respectively. These attributes of the MNPCMs can be satisfy the requirements for thermal management of electronic systems.
図・表・数式 / Figures, Tables and Equations
Fig. 1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
Fig. 2. Micro/Nanocapsules (P)_Morphology
Fig. 3. Micro/Nanocapsules (P) - Cross Section
Fig. 4. Micro/Nanocapsules (P) - EDX
Fig. 5. Micro/Nanocapsules (S)_Morphology
Fig. 6. Micro/Nanocapsules (S)_Cross Section
Fig. 7. Micro/Nanocapsules (S)_EDX
その他・特記事項（参考文献・謝辞等） / Remarks(References and Acknowledgements)
(1) Hirofumi Daiguji, Toshinori Makuta, Hiroki Kinoshita, Takayuki Oyabu and Fumio Takemura, “Fabrication of hollow melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules from microbubble templates,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111 (2007) 8879 - 8884. (2) Qiu, X., et al., J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 143 (2021), pp. 3023-3032. , R. Parameshwaran (2022) 100037. . I would like to thank the ARIM at The University of Tokyo, Japan for providing the necessary testing facilities, technical assistance and support for materials characterization.
成果発表・成果利用 / Publication and Patents
論文・プロシーディング（DOIのあるもの） / DOI (Publication and Proceedings)
口頭発表、ポスター発表および、その他の論文 / Oral Presentations etc.
- Rajagopalan Parameshwaran, G.V.N. Trivedi, Jubair A. Shamim, Wei-Lun Hsu, Hirofumi Daiguji, Development of magnetic nanoparticles embedded 1-octadecanol micro/nanocapsules Phase change material for thermal management of electronic systems, No.22-38 Proceedings of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), Thermal Engineering Conference 2022, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 8-9 October 2022.
特許 / Patents
特許出願件数 / Number of Patent Applications：0件
特許登録件数 / Number of Registered Patents：0件